On the other hand, some reports in countries with similar characteristics to the Peruvian Jungle have found that sexual violence toward students is perpetrated mostly by teachers and school religious personnel Steiner et al. At the same time, various authors point out that the highlands regions is one of the regions where most of the girls and boys who see their rights violated are concentrated Carpio, , and show lower academic performance Cueto, It is known that school violence has been related to contextual situations of greater poverty and family conflicts Woodworth et al.
In relation to this last point, lower income families tend to present authoritarian parenting practices with greater frequency, prioritizing physical punishment as behavior correction Hoff et al. The social theory of learning offers an explanation of how exposure to patterns of violence in the home can perpetuate violent interactions among students in schools Bandura, Both victims and perpetrators were found to have experienced harsher parenting Lereya et al.
Given this problem, it is suggested to carry out school intervention programs based on evidence. Child development, 82 1 , — Despite the heterogeneity of the effect of the programs, they must be intensive and long-lasting, and implemented with fidelity. Involving parents, as well as the use of disciplinary practices with bullies, creating awareness among students about the role of the whole group, and improving the norms and responses against bullying within the classroom have a high impact and effectiveness Menesini and Salmivalli, The inclusion of professionals in psychology or psych-pedagogue is crucial, as well as the generation of anti-bullying policy in schools.
Our main limitation is the cross-sectional design, so the causal relationship cannot be guaranteed and the memory bias limitations of the people who report, we do not have violence measures generated from an independent observation.
In conclusion, this study makes it possible to advance in the standardization of certain parameters, in such a way that in Peru they allow comparing data between studies in this country and other contexts. During the study period, we found an increase in the prevalence rates of cases of violence and bullying in general. The highest proportion of sexual violence occurred in female schoolchildren from public educational institutions, and the act was carried out by the staff of the Educational Institution.
The jungle region had the highest prevalence rate in sexual violence. Bullying or school violence is a public health problem and has short-, medium-, and long-term implications for current schoolchildren and future Peruvian citizens.
Therefore, the high prevalence of this phenomenon in our adolescent schoolchildren is a call for attention to design preventive programs with a multidisciplinary approach that deserves this problem. The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. WA-I developed the original idea and prepared the first draft of the manuscript.
MI-Z executed the statistical analyses. All authors contributed to editing and approving the final version. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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Salud Publica 32, — Contreras, J. Corrigan, P. Challenging two mental illness stigmas: personal responsibility and dangerousness. Cueto, S. Diaz, J. Due, P. Socioeconomic inequality in exposure to bullying during adolescence: a comparative, cross-sectional, multilevel study in 35 countries. Public Health 99, — Eljach, S. Farrington, D. School-based programs to reduce bullying and victimization.
Campbell Syst. Gordis, L. Hidalgo-Rasmussen, C. Bullying and health-related quality of life in children and adolescent Mexican students.
Hoff, E. Despite their differences, there are strong links between bullying and violence. Both bullies and their victims are more likely to engage in other violent behavior. Victims generally suffer from depression and low self-esteem and may lash out violently, while bullies are more likely than others to engage in violent criminal behavior.
Both violence and bullying can cause students to be afraid and to skip school. Addressing these problems with positive parenting and by teaching problem solving skills and anger management could help reduce violence and bullying among some teens. ERIC Digest. Click here to learn more.
Bullying in Schools and Online. Preventing Aggression in Schools Everyday. Blog Make a Gift. Related Content. Blog Post. Violence among youth is of national concern. Bullying is known to be a common behavior among school-aged youth and is associated with poorer psychosocial adjustment. However, it is not known to what extent bullying and being bullied is associated with violence-related behaviors.
This study provides evidence that bullying is associated with key violence-related behaviors including weapon carrying and fighting injuries. These associations were stronger for bullies than targets, and stronger for bullying that occurred away from school. Bullying should be considered an important marker for violence-related behaviors. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. Coronavirus Resource Center.
Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy Continue. Save Preferences. Privacy Policy Terms of Use. Twitter Facebook. This Issue. Citations View Metrics. April Tonja R. Nansel, PhD ; Mary D. Haynie, PhD ; et al W. Study population. Weapon Carrying. Frequent Fighting. Fighting Injuries. Statistical analyses. View Large Download. Prevalence of Violence-Related and Bullying Behaviors.
What This Study Adds. Chicago, Ill American Medical Association;. Oxford, England Blackwell Publishers;. Sch Psychol Int. J Gang Res. J Sch Health. J Marriage Fam. May DC Scared kids, unattached kids, or peer pressure: why do students carry firearms to school? Youth Soc. Simon TRDent CWSussman S Vulnerability to victimization, concurrent problem behaviors, and peer influence as predictors of in-school weapon carrying among high school students.
Violence Vict.
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