It's done for the same reason that there's more than one circuit breaker in your house's distribution panel. The goal is to limit the current through each wire to what that wire can carry without getting dangerously hot. Short circuit protection only works if there's minimal to no resistance in the short like two wires touching or a hot lead touching a ground like the chassis wall, etc. If the short occurs on a PCB, in a motor, etc. What does happen is the short essentially creates a load.
Without an OCP the load just increases and increases until the wire heats up and the insulation melts off and there's a molten pile of flaming plastic at the bottom of the chassis. This is why rails are split up and "capped off" in most power supplies; there is a safety concern. Yes, this is true. But it's the exception and not the norm. Why don't those PSU companies get in trouble?
It's now "recommended" and not "required". With a single 12V rail Silverstone went in another direction. If you have enough power to supply every component in the PC from a single rail, there would never be any problem since the PSU is regulating all the power drawn from just one source.
This might be a valid way to design a power supply, but, even though we don't know what it is, Intel probably had a reason for designing the specifications around a 20 amp per 12V rail limit.
Silverstone backs up their design choice by stating that there is no application which could force this kind of power supply to fail. We have not heard of any problems in the field with a single high current 12V rail, and in our tests we weren't able to provoke this power supply into failing. We will make sure to pay close attention to this during the tests. Yep Jonny Guru is great. I find it funny that it's "safe" to run up to 20A, it's not like 20A is really a safe amperage.
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